Asbestos is a group of natural minerals that have been widely used in various industries for their fire-resistant and insulating properties. However, exposure to asbestos can pose serious health risks to workers and the general public. According to several U.S. health organizations, asbestos is a carcinogen, a cancer-causing substance.
Some of the health effects of asbestos exposure include:
- Asbestosis: a chronic lung disease that causes scarring and inflammation of the lung tissue, making it hard to breathe. Asbestosis usually develops after long-term exposure to high levels of asbestos fibers.
- Pleural disease: a non-cancerous condition that affects the membrane surrounding the lungs and chest cavity (pleura). Pleural disease can cause thickening, plaques, or fluid accumulation in the pleura, which may impair lung function.
- Lung cancer: a malignant tumor that blocks the air passages of the lungs. Lung cancer is more likely to occur in people who smoke and have been exposed to asbestos.
- Mesothelioma: a rare cancer that affects the lining of the chest and abdomen (pleura and peritoneum) or other organs. Mesothelioma is almost exclusively caused by asbestos exposure and may take decades to develop after exposure.
Other cancers: asbestos exposure may also increase the risk of cancers of the larynx, ovary, pharynx, stomach, and colorectum.
The risk of developing asbestos-related diseases depends on several factors, such as:
- The amount and duration of asbestos exposure
- The type and size of asbestos fibers
- The time elapsed since exposure
- The presence of other lung diseases or conditions
- The smoking status of the person
The best way to prevent asbestos-related diseases is to avoid or minimize exposure to asbestos. This can be done by following safety regulations and guidelines for handling, removing, or disposing of asbestos-containing materials; wearing protective equipment and clothing; and quitting smoking. People who are concerned about their past or current exposure to asbestos should consult their doctor or health care provider for medical evaluation and advice .
